Describe Your Favorite Time of the Year and Explain What Makes It Special.

Describe your favorite time of the year and explain what makes it special. My favorite time of the year is when I enjoy the most and have fun. The most delightful time of the year is also hanging out with your chums. To me that time of the year falls after winter vacations when the final year starts and the countdown begins for the examination. During this period of time there is a lot of work to do, cease our entire course and then sit in our homes for studying. But still I like this time because we are free from school and waking up early in the morning. And then the weak begins of our breakdown.Last day of school is the most memorable day of school in the whole of the year. Then the days arrives that every student fancies†¦. THE SUMMER BREAK!!! And that is because we get to sleep more. All of the students enjoy with their families and fast friends. People visit different places of their own beloved country and of other countries. Student’s hangs out, at different eatin g places; where they eat less and laugh’s a lot. Girls talk about different fashion icons and brands- gossip is their most akin topic. Boys like to talk about sports and superb cars. Beside these all enjoyment we have to do our holiday homework.That is also a sort of fun as it reminds you of school days and the cheers with buddies. The days follow in a simple row with more smiles and little tears. And then the count down begins again. The last day of holidays is the end of my favorite time of the year. School starts again and with new session and a bigger class, there is more work to do. And we may get a chance to make new friends and try to improve more in our studies than the last year. However, I do know that the days will fly by so fast that I will get to experience my favorite time of the year all over again. And try to make it more memorable than the past year. Words=340

“History vs Hollywood: The Truth Behind Braveheart” Essay

For the most part the History surrounding â€Å"Braveheart† is accurate, but there are several significant people and events which simply do not match up historically. After watching the movie and reviewing the history behind it, it becomes clear that Hollywood felt they needed to alter several things in order to make the film more entertaining to their viewers. It is interesting to compare the depiction of the characters and events portrayed in the movie to the actual history that surrounds them. The story behind the movie â€Å"Braveheart† focuses on the historic tale of Sir William Wallace of Elerslie, One of Scotland’s greatest heroes. During the 12th century King Edward I of England, also known as Longshanks, ruled Scotland. After returning to his childhood home, William Wallace planned on becoming a farmer and raising a family. After English soldiers had murdered his wife however, his attention became focused on the English occupation of Scotland. United together with other Scottish warriors, Wallace decides to bypass negotiations and fight the English on his own terms (Clater-Roszak 12). William Wallace did indeed lead a rebellion against English occupation in 1296, and was victorious at the battle of Stirling Bridge and lost at Falkirk. After he was captured, he was tried and executed as shown in the film. Several other aspects of his life were not accurately depicted however. Wallace was portrayed as a poor man who was secretly married right before he got in trouble with the English. Actually, he was a commoner who was well educated, and if he wasn’t involved with the war he may have been a scholar. All landed men were required to sign the Ragman Roll, which bound everyone who signed it in loyalty to England’s King Edward I. Those who refused, like Wallace, were outlawed (William Wallace’s†¦42). In response, Wallace and Andrew Moray organized other outlawed men into an army. Moray was killed at Stirling Bridge and was pretty much forgotten, he was not even mentioned in the film. This seems like a rather large omission considering Moray was Wallace’s co leader, and played a fairly large part in the early resistance. Wallace was involved in a romantic relationship, but he wasn’t able to settle down because he was spending most of his adult life at war or in hiding. He was with her when the English discovered his hiding place, and  she stalled them to give Wallace time to escape. Unfortunately she was killed along with the rest of the household because they helped Wallace (Clater-Roszak 12). One aspect of the film that I discovered to be very inaccurate was with the character Robert the Bruce. In the film he betrayed Wallace at the battle of Falkirk by knocking him of his horse, but there is absolutely no evidence of Wallace ever being betrayed during Falkirk. In fact, there are no accounts of Bruce even being involved with the battle of Falkirk. If he was, he most likely didn’t do anything significant. In my opinion this can really hurt the reputation of Robert the Bruce, who was one of Scotland’s bravest and most heroic kings. It is true that Bruce joined the English ranks for a short time, but he most likely did nothing drastic. Bruce actually finished what Wallace had started after returning to Scotland. Another aspect of Bruce that didn’t seem right was when he decided to fight the English at the last minute before submitting to them. I think this was just another attempt at Hollywood to try and spice up the movie a little more. In the film it was Robert the Bruce’s father who convinced him to side with the English, but there is also no evidence that would support this either. Bruce and his father did have some disagreements, but historically they didn’t fight nearly as much as depicted in the film (ALBA-Robert†¦). Overall I think Robert the Bruce as a character was portrayed pretty accurately by Angus MacFadyen, but many of the events that surrounded him were not. During the battle of Falkirk, it shows Wallace going into battle against the wishes of the other Scottish commanders. Based on the accounts I have seen, it appears that this isn’t very accurate. Wallace actually didn’t want to fight at Falkirk, he felt that the field didn’t provide the same advantages presented at Stirling Bridge. When the battle of Falkirk began during the film, all of the Scottish nobles abandoned Wallace which ruined his plans and may have cost him the battle. Historical documents say that the cavalry did indeed withdraw, but the circumstances are unknown (William Wallace: Welcome†¦). It seems Hollywood wants us to assume that Wallace was simply abandoned just as they wanted us to assume that Wallace was betrayed by Robert the Bruce. As for the character of Isabella of France, many historical liberties were taken with her as well. There is no evidence that Wallace and Isabella even met, let alone had a romantic relationship together (William Wallace’s†¦ 43). Hollywood always thinks they have to include some kind of Romance in their movies, and I suppose they felt this was their only opportunity to do so in this film. Not only that, but the fact that Isabella marries Edward II during the time of Sir William Wallace is just ridiculous. He wasn’t even alive when that happened. History shows that Wallace was executed in 1305, while Isabella married Edward II three years later in 1308 (Clater-Roszak). One final note on Isabella is that she seemed ashamed of the cruelty that the English displayed towards the Scots. In reality she had her husband, Edward II, imprisoned and murdered as alluded to in the film, but then launched her own attack on Scotland (William Wallace: Welcome†¦). As far as the actual battles, they seemed pretty authentic except for a few details. First of all, the Scottish warriors did not stand in one big group as shown in the film, but in circular formations called Schiltrons. This is a formation that Wallace actually perfected. In one scene it appears to the viewer that Wallace has invented the use of spears against the cavalry out of desperation, but this is actually a very ancient practice used during the Roman times (William Wallace: Welcome†¦). Other than these few instances the battle scenes seem pretty accurate. It is very obvious that Hollywood changed around some of the History surrounding â€Å"Braveheart†, but this is to be expected. In order to make a successful film they felt they needed to add what’s exciting while omitting what isn’t. The film was obviously a huge success because of its entertainment value, but this is unfortunately at the expense of the actual History behind the story. To be fair there are many aspects of Sir William Wallace’s life that are unclear or unknown, and the essence of the majority of the characters is correct. This does not excuse some of the major inaccuracies however, and it is unfortunate that some people’s perception of this era and its respective events are solely based on this film. Braveheart. Dir. Mel Gibson. Perf. Mel Gibson, Sophie Marceau, Patrick McGoohan, Catherine McCormack, and Brendan Gleeson. Paramount Pictures, 1995. Clater-Roszak, Christine. â€Å"Sir William Wallace ignited a flame†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Military History, Oct97, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p12, 3p. 16 Nov 2003. Academic Search Premier â€Å"William Wallace’s adventure through time†. British Heritage, Oct/Nov96, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p42, 2p. 16 Nov 2003. Academic Search Premier â€Å"ALBA- Robert the Bruce†. Highlander Web Magazine. Aug 1998. 16 Nov 2003. < http://www.highlanderweb.co.uk/wallace/bruce.htm> â€Å"William Wallace: Welcome to the Truth†. Highlander Web Magazine. Aug 1998. 16 Nov 2003. < http://www.highlanderweb.co.uk/wallace/thetruth.html>

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Strategic management - Essay Example partake periodically in personal development plans in order to ensure that they remain relevant to the organization and hence support its changing/ advanced goals and mission. To begin with, the personal development plan will focus on bridging the gap between the current skills of a leader and the leadership development requirements identified in the skills audit (Mackey and Livsey, 2006). Therefore, constructing the personal development plan entails devising a methodology for empowering the leader with skills, knowledge or competencies that he/ she does not presently posses but they have been identified as necessary in the skills audit. This can be achieved by undertaking various modes of learning but since it is a personal development plan, the most appropriate method of learning is self-learning whereby the leader will undertake self-training by either relying on written materials, watching tutorial videos, or working under a mentor who will train him or her on certain set of skills (Tobin, 2000). Besides self-learning method, the leader can as well undertake traditional training by attending classes at reputable learning institutions. According to Irby and Brown (2000), the personal development plan has to be specific in regards to the skills it intends to improve or instill on the leader. Secondly, the plan has to be measurable in the sense that one is able to gauge whether the objectives of the plan have been achieved or not. Thirdly, the plan has to receive consent from relevantd stakeholders i.e. it should not create any controversy. Fourthly, it should be realistic as well as time-bound. As stated in the previous section, the personal development plan should be measurable and one practical method of assessing the outcome against personal work objectives is by assessing the speed and accuracy at which the leader achieves personal work objectives. For example, if the personal development plan was aimed at improving the negotiating skills of a leader then

Application paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Application paper 1 - Essay Example Correspondingly, the fundamental features of the theory will be elaborated in this thesis, along with their application in the real life experiences. Criticisms of the theory will also be paid due significance in context to assess the applicability of the theory. DISCUSSION Key elements of the theory. SCT, as described by Griffin (247-250), is a universal theory within the broad framework that accounts for human communication. Precisely, SCT focuses on learning the sharing process of emotions and values in a small group, defining those as fantasies. The SCT communication is also used to observe the cohesiveness of a small group, wherein it is assumed that individuals will tend to dramatize their messages to a larger extent when confident in the group. Notably, communication is used to create a bond between small groups of people. The theory revolves around the emotions and fantasies of the people in a group wherein the conceptual framework of the theory attempts to analyze shared sym bolic meaning, which lies at the fantasy theme a person desires. The conversation begins with a fantasy of a person and continues with different opinions of the people in the group. SCT also helps to identify the symbolic reality that the member of the group shares through his/her conversation (Young, â€Å"Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory†). As argued by Griffin (247-250), SCT can be extremely useful to obtain critical understanding of the views and the thoughts of different persons in a group. SCT is principally based on the ideas of the member in a group who exchange their fantasies in order to formulate a cohesive group framework. The fantasies involve the emotion of the person supported by the group; it helps to understand the feeling and emotions of different individuals. Contextually, the fantasy chain can be considered as a positive response to the initial fantasy by the member of the group. It is in this context that symbolic convergence helps to form a cohesive bond and create a sense of togetherness in the group through the symbolic communication as described in SCT. The views and opinions of every individual are given emphasis based on the initial fantasy. Conceptually, SCT aids to recognize how the group associates, interacts and offers a way of inspecting small group culture. Also, this theory also makes it easier to understand who the active member is and is supporting the theme of the fantasy, building a fantasy chain (Young, â€Å"Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory†). A brief background of the situation. It was a normal working day when I, with my colleagues, was discussing about the upcoming salary hikes that were to be declared on the basis of our performances throughout the year. Undoubtedly, everyone in the group had great expectations and desires with the salary hike. In the middle of the conversation, one of my colleagues suddenly fantasized that with the aid of his increased salary and some help from loan facilitie s, he plans to purchase a duplex in one of the posh areas of the US within the next two years. This fantasy statement made the atmosphere in the work environment much informal, where the conversation was turning to a more comfortable level and

Controling the Scene of a Terrorist Attack and Potential Secondary Essay

Controling the Scene of a Terrorist Attack and Potential Secondary Hazards - Essay Example The first people to respond are police officers, paramedics, firefighters and concerned citizens. They are the quickest ones to reach the scene, and this can be dangerous because terrorists do not just blow things up without a plan. It takes time and preparation to pull of a terror plot. Establishing and maintaining control of a terrorist scene and the surrounding area is most important. Relevant authorities should designate their duties and work simultaneously with the rescue workers. For example, the police should work on crowd control while the paramedics and the fire fighters tend to the wounded and the trapped. Terrorists usually wish to inflict as much pain and suffering as possible, so they plan their attacks with a clear objective. To achieve this, they set up dummies and traps, and if they are ruthless they may set off other devices in different locations simultaneously. Some of the traps set could include trip wires, landmines, booby traps and explosives attached to pressur e plates. The bombing of Oklahoma City was the most devastating terrorist attack in the United States. That was until the September 11 attacks. The figures from this attack were appalling. The number of fatalities was 168, casualties 680, destroyed buildings 324 and 86 burned cars. The total damage was estimated at 652 million dollars (Clinton, 2010). During the course of the rescue operation, the rescue operators found another device buried in the debris that was marked â€Å"live†. They called the relevant authorities and refused to leave until all the people in the adjacent buildings and the crowds that had gathered were evacuated. When it was done, the bomb was found to be inert and was not armed. It was later determined that it was intentionally left there to create a diversion. This diversion caused the rescue workers to get distracted for a while since the rescue operation had been halted to allow for the disposal of the secondary

How Taxes Affect Economic Efficiency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Taxes Affect Economic Efficiency - Essay Example According to Keynesians, tax cuts have a negative impact on the growth of wages (Ryan, 2011). There are some countries where governments encourage international trade while on the other side, some raise barriers. Some governments impose just enough tax to support various government expenditures while some levy taxes which burden the whole population (Kroeger, 2011). Adam Smith is revered in the field of economics because of his remarkable work on free-market economics and taxation. There are many economists of the modern times who consider Adam Smith the best tax economist of all time. According to Smith, the resources of a nation are allocated in the most efficient manner through an 'invisible hand'. According to Smith's view, taxes should be levied in such a way that they optimize and satisfy four variables. These variables include equity, transparency, convenience, and efficiency. According to Smith, by imposing limited taxes, economies can maximize their wealth (Kroeger, 2011). T axes are imposed by a government to support some basic functions. These legitimate functions include education, defense, and the construction as well as maintenance of roads. In a market economy, the allocation of resources depends on the forces of demand and supply. In order to understand the ultimate impact of tax on economics, it is imperative to evaluate this impact in terms of the purchasing power of individuals as well as the economy's aggregate supply. One of the basic concepts of economics is that an increase in demand leads to the production of more goods and services in order to fulfill the demand. It implies that if producers can sell more because of an increase in demand of their products then they need to produce more goods to satiate the increasing demand. The imposition of tax deprives tax payers from a portion of their money that they would have spend on consumption. If it is accepted that the imposition of tax only deprives people from money than it would be conclud ed that taxes have a negative impact on economy. However, by looking at the other side of coin, it can be comprehended that the money which people spend on taxes eventually turns into government's income. Government spends this money on the welfare of the public which in turns enhance the economic growth (Kroeger, 2011). The income of one person depends on the spending of others. When government spends the money, it ultimately turns into the income of the public. Similarly, when the public pays taxes, it becomes the income of the government. So, it is wrong to say that the imposition of taxes drops the aggregate spending in fact it causes it to increase. If tax payers save their money instead of paying taxes, it will impact government expenditures and will decrease the overall consumption and in turn the overall economic efficiency. Similarly, if government saves money and does not spend it then it would ultimately affect the public. It proves that the act of saving money is not ben eficial for the overall economy of a country but it creates problems. This act is really harmful for the economy of the country. A very obvious example of the harmful effects of this act is the Great Depression. The Great Depression occurs because people who could have opted for spending money chose to save it. However, those who wanted to spend money were deprived of it (Kroeger 2011). The long term expenditures of government increase with the growth of population. Therefore government needs money to

PATRIOT ACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PATRIOT ACT - Essay Example "The USA Patriot Act's provisions for certification and mandatory detention contravene the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of due process of law" (2002, p. 1419). Patriotism needs memories. They are a continuous source of inspiration and an invincible bastion: even the harshest oppression cannot deprive a people of its memories. The most precious memories are those of peoples who loved their country and their fellows with a noble love; not with national vain gloriousness or narrow parochialism. The idea of the Patriot Act is that parents must tell their children stories of patriotism not to nurture national pride but love of liberty (Cassella 2002). The Patriot Act is seen as an energetic resolve to resist oppression. Whether it comes from denial of political rights or from social oppression, exclusion is incompatible with the principle of the republic. Since it has to be a community sustained by bonds of fellowship and love, the state and the government must assure everyone the dignity that comes from citizenship and the respect and self-respect that education and labor assure. The Country is the idea which rises upon that foundation; it is the sentiment of love, the sense of fellowship which binds together all the sons of that territory. The Patriot act inspires true love for the Country. True love of country is an 'immense love' immune to prejudices and inspired by thoughts of unity and peace. It is a passion that animates and inflames generous souls who cannot stand their country's corruption and enslavement. While their fellows cry and suffer in silence, they speak up. They foresee their country's bleak future and share their fellows' needs, anxieties, and hopes. They do not share their vices and weaknesses. Like ancient prophets, they do not speak out of irrational fury or offended pride but out of indignation. They say unpleasant things to their fellows; they denounce their faults and enumerate their responsibilities to call them to action. Reproach is not intended to humiliate, nor to emphasize the patriot's moral superiority, but to elevate the soul of his own people, with which he wants to work (The USA-PATRIOT Act and the American Response 2002). The main disadvantages of the Patriot Act are privacy violations, surveillance and information sharing, increased Governmental Secrecy, not targeted on terrorism. "The USA PATRIOT Act contains a number of provisions that may be used by federal law enforcement authorities to seize and forfeit the assets of terrorist organizations, assets that are derived from terrorist acts, and assets that are intended to be used to commit terrorist acts in the future" (Cassella 2002, p. 7). To some extent, love of country presses us to feel the oppression that some of our fellows endure as an outrage. Oppression may take the form of the denial of civil and political rights or exploitation, brutality, contempt for human dignity in workplaces and social life; the victims may be adult, old or young, male or female; the patriot reacts with particular passion to the sufferings of his fellows: he feels not just compassion but indignation, and indignation gives him the motivation to change. Indignation aga inst and hatred of the oppressor drive the

Capstone on United Bankshares, Inc Research Paper

Capstone on United Bankshares, Inc - Research Paper Example The vision is to provide loans and other financial support instruments to organizations and businesses that are very productive from their banking subsidiaries. Stakeholders are those who affect and are affected by the operations of a business (Freeman, 2009: p3). The main stakeholders of Bankshares Inc are their staff members who are knowledgeable business professional with in-depth knowledge of the markets and financial trends. The second group of stakeholders are the subsidiary banks that provide the financing when the bank gets good and accurate forecasts. A third group of primary stakeholders are the businesses that acquire loans from UBSI. Porters Five Forces describes a given industry or competitive terrain for an organization (Henry, 2010). In doing this, there are five distinct forces that define the competitive position and scope of the industry. They include: 2. Threat of Suppliers: This is a major threat because the suppliers of loans and other banking services of USBI could build in-house business advisory and investment banking units and not need USBIs services. 4. Ease of Entry: It is fairly easy for anyone to start a financial advisory and brokerage firm. However, it is not very easy to build the kind of goodwill USBI has with banks. This include owning subsidiaries and controlling affairs. 5. Competitive Rivalry: This include other providers of services similar to USBI. This include Bank of America Corporation, BB&T Corporation and BankUnited Inc. These are financial intermediaries that own bank subsidiaries and look for investment opportunities that have very high yield. This is high and provides a major cause of concern for UBSI 1. Subsidiary banks: There is the need for the banks in the USBI network to be prepared for the expansion. They would have to be adjusted and examined for expansion and growth of the operations and activities. The units need to be given much

STRategic Marketing Management ( Analysis and decisions ) Term Paper

STRategic Marketing Management ( Analysis and decisions ) - Term Paper Example Asides from modifying PCs, the company also developed the audio feature on these PCs that allowed melodies and speech to be played (Baldauf and Stair, 2010:74). Since its inception, the entity has achieved various milestones with the most remarkable one being the Sound Blaster audio cards. The entity has been through difficulties and has always emerged at the top. This paper gives a detailed analysis of Creative Technology and its strategic marketing management. The major factor that has contributed to the entity’s success over the years is Sim’s effective leadership. Sim is a born entrepreneur who comes up with creative ideas that have enabled the entity to remain afloat over time. He had a vision for his company and laid down quantifiable goals that saw the company increased profitability over the years (Koh, 2008:147). Sim was not only visionary but was a strategic decision-maker and highly effective in solving problems that came up in the company’s operations. The second aspect that has contributed to the company’s success is diversity in their products. It can be observed that technology is dynamic and in order to maintain its customers, the entity has always been conducting modifications on their products in the trendiest and latest designs. This can be observed on various occasions. For example, the company was in the lead in the sound card trade in the past twenty years and was struggling owing to the lack of new and inventive products. This explains why Creative Technology ventured into producing a wide array of products including high-end speakers, DVD players and graphic cards. This was followed by the launch of the Sound Blaster and the Cubic CT (Schaar and Chou, 2009:38). Later in 1998 the company entered into the digital segment of the entertainment industry by launching the Sound Blaster Live! That was enjoyed immense success and placed the company at a competitive advantage over its rivals including Philips and Sony.

Hybrid Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hybrid - Movie Review Example It is natural for human to seek for beauty, and it is impossible without designing work. It is preferable to sit, for example, on not only comfortable and quality chair, but also on that one that looks good and makes feel that it is aesthetically well done. A home can be compared to a machine to see whether it is possible to adjust it just the same way like a machine. This will of customization leads to further creativity in such matters as the furniture location, the wallpapers color and pattern, the carpets and other pieces of interior, which is impossible without imagination and, consequently, designing work. The desire for customization, optimization and rationalization may lead to some extravagant ideas that can be understood incorrectly or even fail. The ideas of Bauhaus survived both ways: one of them failed, others lived up till today. Based upon information received about this project, the conclusion is that the best idea of a home, and the life at all, is to rationally combine the desire for beauty, the design, and pragmatism, the desire to rationalize and make the things more

Promotional Material Essay Example for Free

Promotional Material Essay Before we created our promotional materials such as posters, leaflets and flyers, we had to make sure that we were able to find a suitable price in which we can budget according to our finances. During our research, we were able to locate a suitable printing agency in which we could print our promotional materials in bulk, so we could hand out in the local area to help promote the business. The advantage of the agency we chose for printing our material was that they were able to print our promotional materials within 2 working days and that any deliveries that took place could be tracked on the website when u log on to it, this to make sure that the delivery is going according to plan. By selecting the amount we though would be appropriate for this campaign, we were able to locate the price in which it would cost us as an advertising agency if that amount were to be printed out. Promotional Material Leaflets We used leaflets to ensure customers the products that the cafà © will be selling in their local cafà ©. The leaflet we designed had a bright Italian background (in the form of the Italy colours), indicating immediately to the consumer that the cafà © is Italian based, which is probably the most important factor to inform the customer about. We made sure that the leaflet was specifically designed and had the relevant information such as the location of the cafà © and the products that the cafà © were going to sell. This is vital to clear as misleading customers about products that the cafà © doesnt sell could lead to the business losing customers. We also had to include contact information so that customers could maybe phone in the cafà © to order food or to see whether the cafà © is open. We used pictures so that consumers are able to get a feel of some of the products that the cafà © has on offer. We placed this on the front (main) side of the leaflet so that it is eye cat ching to the consumer as soon as they see the leaflet. We made 1500 printout leaflets as they can be easily distributed around the local area and are the most common method of promotion used by a business of a similar stature. Leaflets could be posted through letter boxers to the people around the local area so it increases the chance of the consumer actually noticing and reading the leaflet This can help achieve the business objectives of achieving 30 customers daily as by using this type of promotion, in the form of leaflets, the business is virtually trying to attract more customers to shop at the cafà © and build more customer awareness of the cafà ©. If the business has more customers, they could achieve their aim of breaking even in the first year. However, a drawback of using a leaflet was that it proved to be the most costly in terms of production as we were charged at 11p per leaflet. Posters The posters we designed were again Italian based but had to limit the amount of information we could put on the poster due to lack of space. This was one of the drawbacks of using a poster but could be just as effective as using the leaflet. However, the production of the poster was the cheapest at just 4.5 per poster. This came at a surprise as we thought that the poster was to be more expensive than the rest of the promotional material. The content we had on the poster had o be very basic but had to send the message across to consumers of the products that the cafà © may sell if they came to visit. The drawback of creating a poster was that it was very time consuming as first we had to make a draft copy, then were we able to form the main copy in which was going to be used for distribution. The use of pictures made it more eyes catching for the consumer and the contents that were stated were the basic products that the cafà © were going to sell. The reason behind this decision was that we believed that consumers would be more likely to read a poster that had a limited amount of writing on the poster rather than having a jammed pack poster full of writing and fewer pictures. By just stating the important points and more use of pictures proved to be more eye catching for us and potential consumers. This could help achieve the aims of this organisation as students and working class people could notice this poster when they shop at local newsagents or public areas when they go to work or college. Although these wont be distributed to houses like leaflets, they will be situated at public areas such as on buses or some of the local shops nearby. This would increase customer awareness of the business on a whole or be a drawback as some people like the elderly who do not shop as often as other student are more likely to miss the poster rather than students who walk past on a day to day basis.

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay Humanistic approach focuses on each individuals needs, potential, growth and self-actualization, as they believe that people are all different because everyone is seen as an individual. Humanistic starts from the assumption that every individual has their own unique way of understanding the world and that the things they do only make sense in this path. Furthermore humanistic also openly supports the idea that people have a free will and are capable of choosing their own actions towards growth and fulfilment of their own potentials as their roles are focused on how people can be helped to fulfil their potentials and lead more satisfied lives as the main strength of the humanistic approach is to emphasize the role of the individuals and the subjective meanings to them. Carl Rogers idea of behaviour was focused on the self, which is the persons consciousness of their own identity. Rogers believed that people could only fulfil their potentials for growth if they had a basic positive view of themselves such as having a positive self regard, self concept, self esteem and self confidence. These are important as it is made up of how we assess ourselves and how we see our personality and how we rate our skills and abilities as when we have self esteem our assessment is more positive. This also would occur if individuals have the absolute positive concept off of other people, for example if individuals are being valued and respected without hesitation by those around, people would then gain positive concepts towards themselves and if these needs are not met or fulfilled people would see themselves as worthless, useless, unloved or hopeless. From a young age people start to form a self concept as people around them such as parents or siblings, for example y oung children may want to dress up as their parents or try on their siblings clothings as they seek to gain acceptance and positive feedbacks. Mostly many childrens form self concept from the media as it is worldwide and the fashionable clothings they see on TV they may feel to copy off it to keep up with the fashion that out or to feel good about themselves and for others to compliment them as the media could put many ideas in childrens head. Carl Rogers also believed that if at a young age, childrens are bad, ugly, dumb or silly they will grow in to always thinking these negative self concepts about themselves as when young children gain a negative comment it would stick to them till their older and may also start to have doubt or limit their abilities or skills due to containing the negative aspects upon themselves. Carl Rogers noticed and acknowledged there is a barrier as most people do not gain positive concepts off of others as it is being unreserved. Rather, people think they will only be loved and valued if they meet certain conditions of worth, for example being well behaved and passing exams etc. these conditions of worth creates strength within the self between the real self such as how the person really is and the ideal self such as how others think they should be. Carl Rogers saw that people try to close the gaps between the real and the ideal self but most people do this in unhelpful ways such as chasing ach ievements that would not make themselves satisfied or to change their view of themselves of the world. Abraham Maslows view of human needs was more complex than Carl Rogers. As Carl Rogers believed that people needed unconditional positive regard, Abraham Maslow acknowledged that people have a variety of different needs that change and needs to be satisfied at different times. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a psychologist who described a hierarchy of human needs as he believed that everyone should seek to be the best that they can be holistically. Unless our physical needs are met, people will not be able to survive as the most basic needs are towards the bottom and work its way up but before they move up their basic needs should be met before they approach the next level. Abraham Maslow believed that those who are fully satisfied all their needs might become self-actualisers which means those people who have fulfilled their potentials completely. File:Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.svg Basic Physical needs food and water, which is appropriate meets dietary and religious requirements and reflect individual likes; accommodation with heating which would allow people to move around and feel safe, clothing which is clean, comfortable and appropriate to the temperature of the weather and activities Safety and security needs living in accommodation which feels safe and secure, with chosen belongings around with sufficient money and privacy Social needs being able to maintain relationship which would make people feels cared for and loved as well as opportunities to make new friends and having interests and keeping in contact with family and friends though visits, telephone calls and email. This will allow the opportunity to join a group try different activities and spend time with family and friends. Self esteem feeling good about yourself and being treated with respect and dignity by other people, as being treated as a person with rights to make choices and express thoughts and feelings Self actualization opportunities to express yourself through words, music or art, the chance to learn and develop new skills and be mentally stimulated, perhaps through hobbies, interests and contact with other people. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice P3: Explain different psychological approaches to social practise Applying the Humanistic Approach to Health and Social Care Person Centred Approach This approach is based on the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers as he became famous and well known after he had implemented and developed a particular type of approach based on people working in a way that meet the needs of the individuals, and responds to a verity of different contexts. Person centred planning discovers and acts on what is important to a person as this would be done in a non-directive way by either councillors or therapists. They strongly believe in other peoples potential, ability and skill to make the right choices, regardless of other peoples own values, beliefs and ideas. They would have to give unconditional positive regards such as loving them regardless what and how the clients are. This counselling or therapy should make clients feel the idea that the therapists or councillors are supporting them within their experiences, feelings, beliefs and emotions. By having these needs met Carl Rogers believes that this would help the clients finally accept themselv es of who they really are or how they may look. This would also help them by how they view themselves and would start to think positively about themselves such as worthy, valuable, precious etc. This approach will also empower people in being control of their lives and be the best they can be, as the person centre approach ensures people are safeguarded and have a voice to be heard and have a better future. A person centred approach is not the same way in people normally work as they would be additional such as a way of doing things differently, to achieve better outcomes for children, young people, their families and carers. The role of the person centre approach is to set up activities which are based upon what is important to a person from their own perspectives and which contribute to their addition in society and then start to make progress. This approach is also vital for therapist or councillors to have empathy for example picturing them in the clients position such as what they may have been through or what they are feeling. For some that are dealing with difficulties in their actual self and their ideal self due to not matching, would need someone who could really listen to them and advice them in the best way possible.

Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Plasma Nitrates

Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Plasma Nitrates OBSERVATION AND RESULT 7. Observation and Result 7.1 Behavioral Parameters Values are expressed MEAN ±SEM, n = 6, ** = P Fig. 7.1 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on Behavioral Parameters on Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. 7.2 Biochemical Estimation Values are expressed MEAN ±SEM, n = 6, ** = P Fig. 7.2 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on different Biochemical Parameters in Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. Fig. 7.3 Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium on glutathione reductase activity in Stress Induced Anxiety in Mice. 8. Discussion Behavioral parameters are the primary evidence to confirm anxiety as well as anti-anxiety effect of treatments. All the parameters are based on pathophysiology of anxiety because anxiety or fear is evaluated through stress or immobilization of animal like mice and rats. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) After immobilization of animals for 3hr, the drug treatment was started for all groups except negative control. Time spent in open arm and closed arm were observed. Time spent in open arm were significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg 175 ±2.2046 sec. as compared with negative control (258 ±3.2018 sec.). In fear, animal is more favorable to dark area which was shows in negative control. Force Swim Test (FST) Time cycle in seconds was count in all groups. Time cycle per five minute were significantly increased (P>0.001) in Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (20 ±4.2044) compared with negative control (25 ±2.5421). Light and Dark Test After immobilization of animals for 3 hr, the drug treatment was started for all groups except negative control. Time spent in light and dark area was observed. Time spent in light area were significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (178 ±3.5041 sec.) as compared with negative control (58 ±2.1245 sec.). In fear, animal is more favorable to dark area which was shows in negative control. Open Field Test (OFT) OFT is the test to evaluate anti- anxiety effect as well as to compare the statistics with actophotometer because each squire in OFT is 10 Ãâ€"10 cm and each electrode’s difference in actophotometer is 6 cm so the reading should be double in OFT. Animal in control group were shows significant walk fullness in OFT (45 ±2.2405 sec.). After administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg, the animal was shows significant effect (P>0.001). Rearing is the parameter in OFT which shows alertness of animals. After administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg the animal was shows significant effect (P>0.001) in 38 ±4.0510 sec. compared with negative control (18 ±2.5402 sec.). The gaseous messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from its precursor L-arginine by a family of three NO Synthases (NOS), designated as â€Å"neuronal† NOS-I, â€Å"inducible† NOS-II and â€Å"endothelial† NOS-III. In the adult brain, the inducible iso form NOS-II is present only at very low levels in microglia and immune cells, while â€Å"endothelial† NOS-III is expressed predominantly in the vasculature. Whether or not this isoform is also expressed in neural cells, is still a matter of debate but data arguing for this are only sparse. The quantitatively major source for NO in the CNS thus is the â€Å"neuronal† isoform NOS-I present in approximately 1% of all neurons. Nitrinergic transmission is especially important in limbic structures, in the basal ganglia where NO regulates striatal output and in the cerebellum. NO exerts multiple action in the CNS and from animal studies, it has been suggested that it is involved in behavioral p rocesses such as learning and memory formation. Pathologies of the NO pathway have been implicated in almost every major neuropsychiatric disorder including Schizophrenia, affective disorders, Alcoholism, Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson and Huntington’s disease. For some of these disorders, NOS-I has also been identified as a risk gene in human case-control association studies. The role of NO in the regulation of normal human brain functioning however is still unclear, although first genetic studies argue for a function of NOS-I in the regulation of impulsive behaviors. In a second series of experiments, we investigated whether NOS-I knockdown animals have cognitive deficits. Plasma nitrates level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (52.23 ±2.1401sec.) as compared with negative control (74.24 ±2.2406). In fear or anxiety, animal were showed increased level of plasma nitrates which was shows in negative control. iNOS level was significantly increased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (78.37 ±3.2131sec.) as compared with negative control (26.23 ±2.5470 sec.). In addition to its role in cholinergic transmission, substantial evidence has accumulated over the last two decades which suggests a non- cholinergic neuromodulatory function for AChE. Few studies have demonstrated that the expression of AChE during early development correlate closely with the major phase of neurite outgrowth. Layer et al. have showed that AChE inhibitors have been shown to retard neuritic outgrowth in a dose dependent manner in retinal ganglion cells, dorsal root ganglion and sympathetic ganglion neurons. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the morphogenic effects of AChE in both in vivo and in vitro systems. AChE is known to regulate the neuritic outgrowth and survival of cultured neurons and also has morphogenic and axogenic role in the developing nervous system. In addition, AChE has a role in cell growth and survival. These functions are considered to be the non-classical roles of this classical enzyme. Furthermore, ACh is also known to enhance the ne uritic outgrowth and in turning of the nerve growth cones. These studies, together with the present demonstration of increased dendritic arborization in the hippocampus, suggest that chronic drug administration induces AChE activity which in turn might modulate dendritic branching pattern in specific brain regions. Ach level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (53.26 ±2.0987 sec.) as compared with negative control (81.23 ±3.0245 sec.). The efficacy of this plant extract toward the transmitters was significant. MAO regulates metabolic degradation of catecholamine, serotonin and other endogenous amines in CNS. Inhibition of this enzyme causes reduction of metabolism of these transmitters and subsequent increase of these biogenic amines. MAO-A level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (56.6 ±3.3245 sec.) as compared with negative control (86.1 ±2.3024 sec.). MAO-B level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg (44.8 ±3.2431 sec.) as compared with negative control (73.4 ±2.2061 sec.). Glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased (P>0.001) after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg (1478.5 ±3.2436 sec.) as compared with negative control (1634 ±2.2102 sec.). All values are expressed in U/I. Glutathione reductase level was decreased after administration of extract of Semecarpus anacardium at dose 200 mg/kg in mice. Glutathione reductase is the enzyme which increases in anxiety and depression. This enzyme secretes from hippocampus region of brain. The level of this enzyme was significantly reduced in mice compared with vehicle treated control group. On the bases of behavioral as well as biochemical estimation, study concludes that Semecarpus anacardium shows significant effect in plasma nitrates and other chemical messenger in anxiety at dose of 200mg/kg compared with negative control. 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The present study is designed to evaluate â€Å"Effect of Semecarpus anacardium on plasma nitrates on stress induced anxiety in mice†. Behavioral parameters show following result: After administration of Semecarpus anacardium Time spent in open arm in Elevated Plus Maze, Time cycle per five minute in Force Swim Test, Time spent in light area in Light and Dark Test, No. of Squire Cross in Open Field Test was significantly increased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg as compared with negative control. Biochemical Estimations show following result: Plasma nitrates level, Ach level, MAO-A level, MAO-B level, Glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200 mg/kg as compared with negative control. iNOS level was significantly increased after administration of Semecarpus anacardium at dose of 200mg/kg as compared with negative control. On the bases of behavioral as well as biochemical estimation, study concludes that Semecarpus anacardium shows significant effect in plasma nitrates and other chemical messenger in anxiety at dose of 200mg/kg compared with negative control. 6. Materials Methods 6.1 Materials Collection Authentication The plant Semecarpus anacardium has been taken from local market authenticated from Department of Botany Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar M.P. Herbarium No. Bot./her/A/1124. Extraction procedure 6.3.1 Petroleum ether extract: The whole plant nuts was cleaned and shaded dried for 10-15 days. The dried nuts were pulverized by an electrical blender and nut paste obtained. About 30-40 g of the nut paste was subject for extraction with 400 ml of Petroleum ether solvent by Soxhlet apparatus for 24 hrs. Constant heats of 50 60 0C provided by Mantox heater of Soxhlet for recycling the solvent. The extract was concentrate using Rotary evaporator at 60 0C for 20 min at a speed of 5m/s. The concentrated extract kept in refrigerator at 4 0C for further use. (50) 6.3.2 Ethanol extract: The nuts were shed dried for about 20 days and then subsequent to reduce coarse drug particle into fine powder using pestle and mortar. The extraction was carrying out by ethanol solvent Soxhlet extraction techniques. Solvent used consecutively with gradient polarity. The extract evaporated to complete dryness by using vacuum distillation and kept in refrigerator for further use. (51) Phytochemical screening 6.4.1 Tests for Alkaloids Mayer’s Test: Extract treated with Mayer’s reagent (Potassium Mercuric Iodide). Formation of a yellow coloured precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Wagner’s Test: Extract treated with Wagner’s reagent (Iodine in Potassium Iodide). Formation of brown/reddish precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Dragendroff’s Test: Extract treated with Dragendroff’s reagent (solution of Potassium Bismuth Iodide). Formation of red precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids. Hager’s Test: Extract treated with Hager’s reagent (saturated picric acid solution). Presence of alkaloids confirm by the formation of yellow coloured precipitate. Tannic acid test: Extract treated with 10% Tannic acid solution. Alkaloids gave buff colour precipitate. (52) 6.4.2 Detection of Phenols Bromine water test: Test solution treated with few milliliters of bromine water. Formation of yellow precipitate indicated presence of Phenols. Ferric chloride test: Test solution gave blue green colour with ferric chloride. (53) 6.4.3 Detection of Saponins Emulsion test: 1 ml of the extract filtrate added to few drops of olive oil. The mixture added to another two drops of olive. The mixture shakes and observed for the formation of emulsion. Frothing test: 1 ml of the extract filtrate diluted with 4 ml of distilled water. The mixture was shake vigorously and then observed on standing for a stable froth. 6.4.4 Detection Steroids and Triterepenoids Libermann- Buchard test: Extract treated with few drops of acetic anhydride, boil and cool, conc. Sulphuric acid added from the sides of the test tube. Formation of a brown ring at the junction of two layers and the upper layer turns green which shows the presence of Steroids and formation of deep red colour indicated the presence of Triterepenoids. Salkowski test: Treated extract in Chloroform with few drops of cone. Sulphuric acid, shaked well and allowed standing for some time, red colour appeared at the lower layer indicates the presence of Steroids and formation of yellow coloured lower layer indicated the presence of Triterepenoids. 6.4.5 Detection of Tannins Lead sub-acetate test: 1 ml of the filtrate added to 3 drops of the lead sub-acetate solution. A cream gelatinous precipitate indicated the presence of tannins. Ferric chloride test: 1 ml of the filtrate diluted with distilled water and added with 2 drops of ferric chloride. A transient greenish to black colour indicated the presence of tannins. 6.4.6 Detection of Flavonoids Shinoda test (Magnesium Hydrochloride reduction test): To the test Solution, added few fragments of Magnesium ribbon and added concentrate Hydrochloric acid drop wise, pink scarlet, crimson red or occasionally green to blue colour appeared after few minutes. Alkaline reagent test: To the test solution added few drops of sodium hydroxide solution; formation of an intense yellow colour, which turned to Colourless on addition of few drops of dil. acid, indicated presence of Flavonoids. Ammonium test: A quantity (4 ml) each of the filtrates was shaking with 1 ml of dilute ammonia solution (1%). The layers allowed to separating. A yellow coloration at the ammonia layer indicates the presence of Flavonoids. Aluminium chloride test: A quantity (4 ml) each of the filtrates was shake with 1 ml of 1% aluminium chloride solution and observed for light yellow coloration. A yellow precipitate indicated the presence of Flavonoids. 6.4.7 Detection of Anthraquinones 1. Dilute sulphuric acid (5 ml) added to 0.1 g of the test extract in a test tube and boil for 15 min in a water bath. It was then cool and neutralize with 20% potassium hydroxide solution. A mixture, 10 ml of equal parts of Fehling’s solution A and B will add and boil for 5 min. A more dense red precipitate indicated the presence of glycoside. 2. About 0.5 ml of extract taken and subject to the following tests.1 ml of glacial acetic acid containing traces of ferric chloride and 1ml of concentrate sulphuric acid added to the extract and observed for the formation of the reddish brown colouration at the junction of two layers and the upper layer turned bluish green showed presence of Glycosides. Pharmacological Screening 6.5.1 Animal: Mice required as Animal model Body weight: 25 gms. Floor area per animal: 15 in2. Cage height: 5 inch. Temperature: 64 ° to 79 °F (18 ° to 26 °C). Relative Humidity: 40% to 70%. Number of air changes per hour: 10 – 15. Light levels: 30 foot-candles. Duration of Light: 12 -14 hours. Duration of Darkness: 10 12 hours. 6.5.3 Biochemical Estimation 6.5.3.1 Plasma Nitrate estimation: Plasma nitrate were measured by spectrophotomeric assay based on Griess reaction. Blood were withdrawn from tail vein of mice and plasma were using cooling centrifuge at 2500 rpm for 10 min. Plasma were mixed with equal volumes of Griess reagent (1% Sulphanilamide+ 0.1% naphthylelediamine dihydrochloride+ 2.5 % phosphoric acid) and incubated at room temp for 10 min. to yield a chromophore. Absorbance was read at 543 nm spectophotometrically.(59) 6.5.3.2 i NOS estimation: Sample collection After the behavioral tests, three mice from each group was deeply anesthetized and perfuse with 4% paraformaldehyde for subsequent Nissl staining. The other animals were anesthetized and kill; blood was collected and brains were removed. Blood, anticoagulated with 1.5% EDTA centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then the supernatant was collected. All these samples stored at −80 °C for further analysis. RNA extraction and reverse transcription Total RNA extracted from the brain tissue using Trizol reagent. Total mRNA (1 ÃŽ ¼g) was transcribed using Quant script cDNA RT Kits according to the manufacturer’s manual. Briefly, RNA (1 ÃŽ ¼g) pretreated with DNA-free DNase treatment and removal reagents. RNA samples incubated with a mixture consisting of containing dNTPs, random primers, 10Ãâ€" RT mix, Quant Reverse Transcriptase, a reverse transcriptase and RNase-free water to a final volume of 10 ÃŽ ¼l at 37 °C for 1 h. Real-time RT-PCR cDNA l used for quantification of mRNA by real-time RT-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR will perform on an Applied Rotor-Gene 3000 under the following conditions: iNOS and GAPDH for 40 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, 63 °C for 60 s, and 72 °C for 90 s. Relative quantitative measurements of target gene levels was performed using the ΔCt method, where Ct is the threshold concentration. GAPDH used as endogenous control to normalize gene expression data, and an RQ value calculated for each sample. RQ values was presented as fold change in gene expression relative to the control group, which normalized to 1. (60) The activity was expressed as m moles hydrolyzed per min per gram of tissue. AChE activity was statistically analyzed by Student’s Statistical analysis The statistical analysis carried out as per standard method. All result expressed as MEAN ±SEM. Groups of data were compared with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by dunnett’s t-test values for statistical significance. Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar M.P. Page 1

The Classroom: An Intellectual Community :: Education Teaching Essays

The Classroom: An Intellectual Community -Perhaps I should have become a professor of Literature rather than a teacher, but for me that would be taking the easy way out. Literature promotes the discussion of ideas, something which most other subjects to do not. So, I want to take those aspects of the college classroom which have most affected my learning process and apply them at a high school level. I believe that the healthiest classroom situation comes not from a philosophy of teaching, but a philosophy of learning. To apply a philosophy to the teaching to literature, then, will be a gradual process for me as I spend more and more time in the classroom. What I do know thus far is that engaging students is crucial—they must be actively listening as well as participating. There needs to be a balance between listening and discussing. Because literature can be so subjective, it is important that I create an environment in which the student feels comfortable with forming and expressing his or her own observations and conclusion, not merely saying what they think I want to hear. If I can accomplish making this type of an environment for learning, I believe that students will be able to learn about an array of ideas about ideas, other people, and themselves. Conflict is essential: both within the classroom and within the subject. Not only do I want to facilitate honest discussion of texts and ideas, but I want to be able to present those conflicts that we may find in the texts themselves. Through these discussions, I hope to encourage my literature and composition students to think of themselves as producers and transmitters of culture rather than as just consumers. They get to have and express their own ideas as well as have their own opinions about someone else’s. This is what reading and writing are about, and as a teacher I feel it is important to teach this by example. I will need to throw myself out there as well, even if that means addressing those subjects which I may feel uncomfortable with. In an attempt to keep students actively involved, I may turn to the internet as a source of learning. In my own experience here at college I had a professor who required us to keep up discussions via the internet. She had a discussion board where students could tell of their interpretations and findings within our readings.

Athletes Leaving College Early :: essays research papers fc

`1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Korleone Young is a saddening one. Korleone was one of the top high school basketball players in the nation while he was in high school. At all the summer basketball camps, he played above his high school peers. During his senior season he dominated all his team’s competition. He had every major Division I basketball program wanting to give him a full scholarship. All of the national powerhouses like Duke, North Carolina, Michigan State, and many more all recruited Korleone heavily. He also had another bug in his ear. The recent trend of high school stars like Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant skipping college to go to the pros appealed to him. He figured since he was a star he could skip college too. This was a big mistake. While his counterparts, Garnett and Bryant were drafted in the first round, Korleone fell to the second round. Once he got into camp he proved he was not ready for the physical style of play. After a couple seasons spent on inj ured reserve he is now out of the league. It is becoming more and more a trend for high school and underclassmen basketball players to forgo their college eligibility to enter the NBA draft. Most professional sports have restrictions to limit mentally and physically immature players from throwing away their college education to be unsuccessful in the professional ranks. In the National Football League, NCAA football players are not allowed to declare for the pro draft unless they have been in the school’s program for at least three years. In professional baseball and hockey, although they do draft players straight from high school, they have a minor league system set up. These minor leagues allow players the time to develop and still play against an excellent level of competition. This helps their growth process so that when they get into the real big leagues, they are somewhat ready to play and be a factor. 2 This influx of young players is not only hurting the player, but it is hurting the league and college sports. The NBA is now becoming filled with talented but immature players. College sports is losing it’s top athletes, sometimes after one year of college play. The players are also not graduating. This hurts because when a basketball player does not make it in the NBA, he has no degree to fall back on.

Rose And Graff :: essays research papers

Two professors of different backgrounds, Mike Rose of California, and Gerald Graff, of Illinois, discuss the problems college students face today in America. Though similar in slight variations, both professors view the problem in different regards and prepare solutions that solve what they feel to be the heart of this academic problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mike Rose, author of The Politics of Remediation, explains that “linguistic exclusion'; is the barrier that prevents many new college students from excelling in the academics at any given university. Gerald Graff, on the other hand, feels that the problem comes from the lack of communication between professors, and that many of the times the students are taught the same concepts but through opposite understandings and in a bias fashion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mike Rose met many struggling students at UCLA’s Tutorial Center, the Writing Research Project, and the school’s Summer program. He first describes the loneliness students feel upon arriving at college, and that as they try to find themselves, they all to often lose themselves because they are bombarded with ideas that are so foreign to them. He introduces his audiences to Andrea, a bright young girl out of high school who, despite hours of memorizing in her textbook, could not obtain a passing grade on her Chemistry mid-term. How is this possible if she spent so much time studding? Rose explains that she failed because in college, and in this course in particular, it is not enough for a student to know the material, but rather, to be able to apply it in a various amount of problems. Yet the problem Andrea faces is that she was never taught this in high school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rose writes of other students he tried to help as they sat in front of him with eyes that were both sad and confused. From young, jocks, to a twenty-eight year old mother, and an insecure girl that was so afraid to use her own ideas, she turns to plagiarism. Rose explains this situation in great detail, “Students were coming to college with limited exposure to certain kinds of writing and reading and with conceptions and beliefs that were dissonant with those in the lower-division curriculum they encountered.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rose places great blame on the professors who assume that these students are culturally prepared to address, and analyze, ideas and concepts that they have never even heard of before. Students, who come from different cultures and backgrounds, are not prepared (especially on their own) to give up everything that have spent the past eight-teen years believing in, in order to write the prefect college essay.

Child Labour Essay

INTRODUCTION GOD has given human beings the boon of wisdom and discreation to think upon the signs of the universe and to draw conclusions. That is the reasons why they disclose the hidden facts of it and its structure.Children are the flowers of heaven they are the most beautiful and purest creation.They are the beauty of this world.They are innocent.but there are such kind of students who cannot go to schooldue to financial problems.They only watch others go to school and can merely wish to seek knowledge.it is due to many difficulties,desperate conditions that they face in life DEFINATION Child labour can also be defined as the full time employment of children who are under a minimum legal age. Where does most child labour occur? OF an estimated 215 child labourers around the globe: approximately 115 million(53%) are in Asia and the pacific;14 million(7%) line in latin America; and 65 million (30%) live in Africa. Works on it. Many organizations like UNICEIF, ILO, whoes main object is to prevent child labour .These are the international organization which prevent child labour globaly. INTERVIEW I visited The Eatspot, a roadside restaurant , this weekend. No, this story is not a restaurant review about the dry biryani or hot lassi. It is not about the silly waiters dressed like nervous fresh MBA grads from a college, with white shirts and uncomfortable ties. It is about Nizamuddin. The little boy who poured water into my glass and cleared out my table. He was too small, skinny. His hairs were dry and rough and certainly would not have been oiled for months now.He was hardly four and a half feet tall, not a trace of facial hair. He couldn’t have been a day older than 12 .His shirt on his body was there for namesake and his trouser did not fit him. One of his hands used to hold it on his waist and he had the innovative technique of fastening it with a rope of brittle plastic threads. He was standing expressionless just like an old stuffed toy.He walked around nervously with a heavy jug of water. His eyes darted across the room like a scared rabbit, scanning the place for empty tumblers that needed a refill. . He caught me staring at him and looked back, wondering whether to smile, or look away. And then, with those wide innocent eyes filled with confusion, he gave me a slow, hesitant smile then he came to me started pouring water into jug. There was this c hild here pouring water and removing used plates from tables when he should have been kicking around a football on that hot Saturday afternoon. He was trying to satisfy strangers in that dark restaurant when should have been out with his friends, laughing and teasing his school teachers. The Eatspot was one of those dirty roadside eateries that gave a damn about the laws of the land, The dormant social activist in me got all fired up, and I summoned the boy and asked him What’s your age? (Twelve) he said. Then i said that you can’t work here.Because its against law listening to what I said that he cannot work any longer, tears started flowing from the young chap’s eyes. The little chap was looking at me still. (you do understand urdu, are not you?) I asked him do you have any problem. I don’t have any but the Government has Sir, it’s difficult at home. Dad committed  suicide, mom washes clothes for others, two sisters at home, I am studying by doing work at here, I get some money that is too critical for us†¦) I had no answers. Now, it was my turn to stand there blankly I understand your problem brother No!†¦) he interrupted  you wont understand my problem. I want to study, for that I am ready to work. But you force me to become a beggar. You are forcing me to beg. If your kids sing or dance in TV, they get money, fame and are appreciated in papers.. But if I wanted to work.nobody helps me How can you explain me this?) I never expected a kid t o talk like this but I realized that his experiences in life made him speak so. the restaurent owner called him so he walked away holding his trousers with both hands. All I could do is to stare at him silently, helplessly. I said to myself, â€Å"i should find out the definition for child labor. Reasons Lack of earning during learning. Unemployment. Excess population. Lack of laws against child oppression. Orphans. Drop outs of schools. Illiteracy and uneducated people. Large family size and unemployment people. Urbanization. Poverty. SUGGESTIONS Primary education. Get rid poverty. Our overseas aid. Ban the worst forms. Give the jobs of child workers to their adult relations could be build homes for those children that are living in the streets. Government should make laws to prevent child labour and find solutions. OUR POINT OF VIEW The present goverment has made elementry education compulsory along with this ,the goverment has distributed free books in primary schools so that parents,who cannot afford thier children ‘s school expenses,send their children to schools.The major point is that this decion must be acted upon at all levels.There is strict need to stop child labour in this country.Awareness must be raised and the attentionof parents ought to be diverted to the education of their children.Child labour laws should be put into practice strictly.The orphans and other deserving children must be helped financially on a prolonged basis. IF we suceed to act upon these principals,our country can easily get rid of this problem and that is child labour.

Development of Anti-Idiotype Vaccine for Human Follicular Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) constitute a heterogeneous group of malignancies whose incidence has significantly increased in recent decades. In the year 2000, more than 145,000 cases of NHL were diagnosed in developed countries, representing thus the sixth most common cancer occurring among men and the eighth among women. Low-grade B-cell NHLs, in particular, are incurable diseases characterized by relatively slow growth and excellent initial responsiveness to chemotherapy but also by continuous relapses. In particular, for patients with follicular lymphoma, median overall survival (7-10 years) has not improved over the past 30 years. Although in the vast majority of patients complete or partial remissions can be obtained with either single agents or combination chemotherapy, the clinical course is characterized by a high relapse rate. After relapse, both the response rate and relapse-free survival after subsequent salvage treatment regimens steadily decrease, resulting in a median survival of only 4-5 years after the first relapse. These clinical findings, coupled with the substantial toxicities of standard treatments, have stimulated the search for novel and more tumor-selective therapies.Follicular lymphoma is a clonal B cell malignancy that expresses a unique antigen that is formed by the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains that possess highly variable regions at their amino termini. These variable regions combine to form the antigen recognition site, which can itself be recognized as an antigen, termed the idiotype. The antigen-binding site is a structural feature of each immunoglobulin that distinguishes it from other immunoglobulins. The idiotype of a particular clonal B cell lymphoma represents a tumor-specific antigen. Idiotype is a target of interest in human lymphoma.Therapeutic vaccines targeting B cell lymphoma idiotype (Id) represent a promising immunotherapeutic approach for a better clinical control of these malignancies.Immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules are composed of heavy and light chains that possess highly variable regions at their amino termini. B-cell malignancies are clonal proliferations of Ig-producing cells. The idiotypic determinants of the surface Ig can thus serve as a tumor-specific marker for the malignant clone.Indeed, both protein- and dendritic cell-based vaccines that use the patient-specific Id have resulted in clinically significant tumor-specific cellular responses with very little toxicity. A broad use of Id-based vaccination for B cell lymphomas, however, is hampered by the fact that these approaches are patient-specific so that the vaccine must be individually produced for each patient. On these grounds, new strategies obviating the need to produce customized vaccines would further simplify clinical applications of idiotypic vaccines.Goals:Goal 1:Establishment of a large database including sequences of idiotypic VH and VL genes expressed by a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders, includ ing low grade B-NHL, autoimmunity-associated lymphoproliferations, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This will allow the identification of candidate Id proteins for â€Å"cross-reactive† immunotherapy.Goal 2:Pre-clinical characterization of the immunogenicity of selected natural Id proteins, with particular regard to their ability to induce immune responses against lymphoma cells expressing molecularly correlated Id proteins. The characterization will include the identification of B cell epitopes and HLA Class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes using innovative approaches and will allow the development of dedicated assays for immunomonitoring.Goal 3:Design and validation of optimized Id vaccine.Goal 4:Evaluation and validation of new adjuvants and innovative delivery systems for improved Id vaccine formulations and administration.Goal 5:â€Å"Clinical-grade† production and purification of optimized Id proteins for patient vaccination.IntroductionThere are approxima tely 65,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma diagnosed each year in the US with a comparable number in Europe. Despite the use of aggressive chemotherapy and recent advances in therapy such as monoclonal antibodies (Rituxan, TM), the disease is almost invariably fatal. Follicular lymphoma (FL) patients, in particular, can have an indolent but ultimately fatal clinical course. The median relapse time for FL patients is three years, with 90% of patients dying of a tumor-related mortality within 7 years of the date of diagnosis.The clinical course is usually characterized by a series of remissions and relapses. Good response rates are seen with treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, lymphocyte transplantation, and monoclonal antibodies. However, following initial response to treatment, the cancer invariably returns and the majority of patients relapse with resistance to all available therapy. Related B-cell derived neoplasms include multiple myeloma (approx. 15,000 cases /year in the US and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (approx. 10,000 cases/year in the US).Isolation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has been a long sought-after goal for scientists involved in both basic and clinical research. Whereas tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are localized on both normal and tumor cells, TSA are peculiar to tumor cells. This characteristic makes TSA a very desirable target for immune therapy strategies aiming to spare normal cells, or at least the indispensable ones.As regards effectors mechanisms, although some indirect evidence exists for participation of both natural killer (NK) cells (especially those activated by IL-2, known as lymphokine- activated killer, or LAK cells), and TNF-secreting macrophages in tumor immunity, most interest has been focused on the role of antigen-specific antibodies and T lymphocytes. This is particularly true among scientists developing anti-Id vaccines for human FL, even though no substantial agreement has yet been reached on which of the two main effectors pathways is most important.FL conforms to the general rule that tumors have several mechanisms to escape the attention of the immune system. The risks that Ig somatic hypermutations could result in aminoacid residue replacements leading to substantial changes within the fine immunogenic structure of the Id do not seem to be so relevant. Indeed, no such occurrence has been reported in any of the several dozen patients who have been immunized over the last decade. A much more relevant issue is the very limited ability of FL cells to present their own antigens.Although ontogenetically very close to normal mature B-lymphocytes, with respect to their normal counterparts FL cells are very poor as antigen presenting cells (APCs). This makes it rather difficult to evaluate any vaccine-induced, tumor-specific cytotoxicity even in vitro. On the other hand, no such problems exist for ELISA-based detection of the tumor-specific and vaccine-induced humoral respon se.The first study of anti-Id vaccinations in humans dates only from 1992. Until then, all the work had obviously been confined to animal models. However, the accumulation of experimental data has led to the development of several promising strategies that are currently being investigated in clinical trials. These include the utilization of the Id in the form of a soluble protein or as a DNA sequence, either used to pulse dendritic cells (DCs) or else to be administered in combination with immunologic adjuvants.Soluble protein Id vaccine production is based on a hybridoma technique, which in vitro allows production of exactly the same Ig as that present on the surface of the clonal B cells of FL, or in other words the tumor-specific Id. The suspension of single cells obtained from a biopsy specimen almost invariably contains a residual population of normal B-lymphocytes alongside the tumor cells. Screening of the hybridomas by means of Ig heavy chain CDR3 PCR identification is there fore required in order to make sure that the Ig of the selected hybridoma is truly identical to the tumor- associated one.31 Once the cultured hybridoma has yielded enough purified Id, the TSA needs to be made far more immunogenic than it is in its free form. For this purpose, it may either be conjugated with a highly immunogenic carrier such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or else used to pulse autologous DCs.The association of a soluble protein Id vaccine with immunologic adjuvants monocyte colony-stimulating-has also proved extremely important. Granulocyte factor (GM-CSF) currently seems to be the best such adjuvant both in animal models and humans, probably because of its capacity for local recruitment of DCs in vivo at the site of vaccine injections. This step would appear to be superfluous when autologous DCs are loaded with Id ex vivo and then re-injected into the patient.A completely different alternative approach involves administration of the patients’ Id-encodi ng DNA sequence. With the rise of molecular technology, such DNA vaccines are beginning to come into their own. For instance, exploitation of appropriate molecular vectors (ie containing both a leader and promoter sequence) for insertion of the nucleotide sequences responsible for biosynthesis of both the Ig heavy and light chains variable regions is now relatively easy.Between the heavy- and light-chains variable regions sequences, an intertwined linker peptide must also be inserted to allow the ultimate Id-containing molecule (scFv) to fold properly. Furthermore, the vaccine can be further strengthened by adding other DNA sequences encoding for immunologic adjuvants or powerful immunogens to the vector. Finally, intramuscular injections allow progressive release of the Id following synthesis by muscular cells. In addition, this administration route seems to be associated with prolonged conservation of the genetic information within the cells without any apparent signs of integrati on into their genome.Experimental DesignGoal 1:Establishment of a large database including sequences of idiotypic VH and VL genes expressed by a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders, including low grade B-NHL, autoimmunity-associated lymphoproliferations, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This will allow the identification of candidate Id proteins for â€Å"cross-reactive† immunotherapy.In establishing a database, there will be steps to follow in order to support the evidences claimed.I. Finding the cases and the occurrence of VH and VL in lymphoproliferative disorders in different hospitals and institutions that could provide valuable information for the said disorders. The facts and information should have the confirmed consent of the persons involved.II. Subjecting the cases to thorough analysis to provide the essential information needed in documenting the cases.III.   Testing the subject under the identification of Id proteins.IV. Organizing the information and est ablishing the database.Methods:Establishing a database to easily organize information and data needed in making the information available readily whenever they will analyze situation in which there is a suspected occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorder. By providing the information needed, they could develop system that would make things easier for them to do actions required in addressing such situation.Primary step is consolidating all the available facts and information provided that they have the consent from the owner of the information. By having the desired facts available for the reorganization of it, they could classify it according to the general category they want to use in creating their database. It could be based on severity of the case or could be base on gender or any factor that could greatly affect the situation.Then, by gathering the information they needed, the analysis of the data should be carefully done for them to eliminate excess and negligible data for a n easier organization of the structure of their available resources. By implicating the main thrust of the database to the core concept of having advance cases of NHL, the higher chance they could get the information and the data based on the clinical findings of actual patients and people who suffered from that.By simply opening the way of introducing different vaccines in addressing the situation, they could develop a system of transferring and managing information that could make things easier especially in developing new technology and medicinal advancement in creating a better and more effective ways of treating such disease. By making the information more manageable, they could likely innovate an advance communication that would lead them in establishing better information and data management for the use of the development of vaccines and cures.Since they have the information but they should examine carefully every bit of information that will be a part of their set of data an d facts. By looking closely to the subjects result and the specification of the action done, the development of such process in introducing a new finding on the matter should be considered. Since the goal is to establish a database that will focus on the information that could provide the facts needed on the cases diagnosed with a NHL, it is important to screen the cases as important and not negligible for them to be able to use it as a case.At the end of the process, they would go back to their primary goal and that is to establish a functional database that the core information and the key factors are integrated in a way that it would make the processing of facts and vital data would be efficient and effectively handled.Also, it will introduce technology that would compensate the fast rising of development in technological advancement even in the field of medicine. Because there are ready to use valuable information for them to handle and initialize their desired action, they woul d be able to commend the different opportunities in which they could get specimens and studied it for future discoveries and researches.In all, by their incorporation of the cases of NHL and their desired goal of making the information available for them to be able to easily study and review the situations and cases they previously have for them to execute and evaluate the validity of the existing tests in the current occurrence of the disease in the real place.Goal 2:Pre-clinical characterization of the immunogenicity of selected natural Id proteins, with particular regard to their ability to induce immune responses against lymphoma cells expressing molecularly correlated Id proteins. The characterization will include the identification of B cell epitopes and HLA Class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes using innovative approaches and will allow the development of dedicated assays for immunomonitoring.In dealing with the pre-classification of the immunogenicity of selected natu ral Id proteins, the processes involved are:I.   Accumulating soluble proteins to be tested.II. Testing them with hybridoma essential in testing the equivalence of the tumor inducing material that leads to development of the tumor.III.   Inducing the effect of the proteins and identifying its effect on B cells.IV. Using advance technique in analyzing the result and implicating with the use of the modern testing equipment and processes.Accumulation:Testing the proteins for it to be classified will be the first step. From the patients who are suffering from FL, different samples will be getting for the medical technology to be applied. Then by cultivating natural proteins, they will use it to further test the capacity of the natural cell in penetrating and deeply interacting with other Id proteins in the development of resistance to such substance.By eradicating some external factors such as the presence of other organisms, they could screen the protein level for them to be able t o produce and test the Id proteins by exposing it to toxoids that could develop resistance on the desired solution. Then, the Id proteins gathered will be stored for further testing.Testing:Then, preparation of the Id protein to be tested will be carefully done in a controlled environment. Since the tumor development can not be detected by the immune system, the development of inducing material will be necessary for them to penetrate the basic defenses of the tumor.By exposing it to NKL, tumor will exhibit a different behavior but will not be extinguished. Since B cells epitope derived multiply myeloma that had been the major cause of the return of the behavior of the tumor cells, the gradual exposing it to be classified by soluble Id proteins will be dedicated.The allowance of certain percent productivity will be the basic goal of the clinical testing for them to be able to derive the pre-classification scheme that will determine substances that induce immunity on certain level wit h the use of soluble and Id protein present in the environment.Effect and its IdentificationAfter the testing had been carefully done, they will examine its effect on various elemental positions by trying the substance on the possible outcome. Then, FL cells will be isolated then proteins will be added to see the effect on the neoplasms produced by B-cells. Since the outcome would produce certain behavior that will exhibit a different expected one, the process will be repeatedly associated with soluble proteins to target the development of TSA since it target tumor cells.Analyzing the ResultThen, the result will be analyzed in a way that it consistently produces same output. Then after looking closely and making sure that no other substance induced the effect, the validity of the result will be the next concern in analyzing the data. For it to be valuabe, the result should consist the scientific analysis of the vaccine to be introduced for them to be able to adopt a real one.Goal 3: Design and validation of optimized Id vaccine.Since the protein had been introduced in TSA that would target tumor cells, it is important to develop the next stage wherein it will pay attention to that. Tumor cells, after being extinguished by some other methods, always come back and provide a worse situation that before. It is a common problem of the development of cure because as soon as they introduce stronger antigens and antibiotics, the cells develop stronger immunity to them, making them more powerful and gave them the power to come back and come back whenever they are defeated.The result of the previous testing of the material will be used as the raw data in determining the precise development of the vaccine needed for the tumor cells. Toxoids produced by microorganisms will be introduced to the tumor cells for them to create an astounding reaction with the cells to help the antigens produce a better shield to the tumor cells.They would also address the production of its own immunity by targeting the B cells epitopes produced by the tumor cells for them to be able to weaken the effect of the tumor cells in the body. By simply having the same effect on the cells, they would establish the immunity desired.In addition, since soluble proteins produces amino acid residue, the effect of it to the development of various outgoing tumor cells will be beneficial in the sense that it would catch up the screening proves by a hard core stimulation of heavy chain CDR3 PCR. Then, the use of material that would likely predict the behavior will also introduce for the existing antigen to determine it.Goal 4:Evaluation and validation of new adjuvants and innovative delivery systems for improved Id vaccine formulations and administration.After having the result of the vaccine being tested hand-on on the tumor cells, the activation of the production of antigens will be manipulated for those to be able manage the outcome of the result. By having the systematic chain of micr o toxoids that will enter the entire system of the body, they would likely produce different kinds of reactions that would benefit the production of self stimulating antigens.By exposing it to different procedures that would attest the certainty and validity of the desired production, after introducing different sets of toxoids and NK cells, the development of the self inducing multiple protein will help in eradicating the symptoms and the effect of FL.It is known that FL is fatal in terms of its effect on the human entire system. So it is important to devise a precise way of handling and dealing with it for them to be able to have an outer perspective of the natural phenomena.Id proteins will act as binders to the solutions that will be used in strengthening NK cells and TSA to promote the development and inhibit the further production of malignant development of tumor cells. By preventing the further growth of it, they would have larger revenue in which they could satisfy the need s and the improvement for having a stronger antigen.Then, natural growth of TSA will be affected by the inducing of soluble protein to target dendritic cells for them to be able to manifest the basic function of fighting foreign toxins that could affect the development of the tumor as a vital implication of the vaccine. The use of different methods in determining the feasibility of inducing the growth and the development of natural antigens that would be sufficient enough to fight the invading tumor cells will be of great use for them to be able t produce more antigens that will prevent the further worsening of the situation.Validating the use f the vaccine as one of the potential sources of defense against the foreign material invading the system would be beneficial if the could handle the needs of having a more systematized and organized level of founding a solution that would focus on the elimination of cell processes that inhibits the growth of malignant tumor like FL that is fa tal to humans.Subjecting enough NK cells to further strengthening process will help them in making the process worthwhile I making a protein Id that would address the situation as founding solution to the antigen development.Goal 5:â€Å"Clinical-grade† production and purification of optimized Id proteins for patient vaccination.After developing the vaccine the process would involve the following:I.   Purifying the Vaccine to be prepared.II.   Final VerificationIII. Mass ProductionIV.   Patient VaccinationPurificationAfter devising the vaccine, the next step is purifying it by eliminating microorganisms that would have effects on the vaccine. By continuously subjecting the vaccine into different microorganism killing environment, they would lessen the potential of having such. Radiating and constantly developing processes will be sufficient in terminating such microorganisms.Final VerificationAfter the purification of the vaccine, a method will be done for them o be abl e to test if the results are really valid by having it tested for final verification. It is important to deal with it because the importance f verifying the vaccine would greatly affects its validity in the medical society. By having it tested trough lab rats or animals that have developed FL tumors; they would be injected with such vaccine for them to see if the previous results will e the same.Mass ProductionAfter the verification process, the next process will involve producing the vaccine enough for human consumption. The proteins that deal with the development of TSA would have a various report on it validity and essentialism for them to be able to have a developed system of introducing vaccines.VaccinationAfter the production and the vaccine is ready to use, it would be given to the patients, as long as it is approved by the medical board, to be sued as vaccine against the development of FL into malignant tumors that endangered the lives of many people. Then, by having the sys tem of production of certain involvement of the NK cells within the hybridoma of dendritic cells, the vaccine will be of much use since it will introduce antigens that will prepare the body for the possible FL development.Since there are certain kinds of toxoids that will be introduced, there will be a harsh reaction at first to the place where it is injected because of the behavior of the toxoids and the T cells of the body. This is a sign that the vaccine is effective and doing a reaction that would strengthen the immune system of the body.DiscussionAfter the development of the vaccine in FL, it is important to understand the need of developing such because of its adverse effect on the development of humans. It endangered the lives of many people without having the prior notification of the said disease. This is a vital step in the clinical world.Considering the existence of the natural antigens present in the environment, by the use of Id proteins that inhibits the growth of tumo r cells; it would be beneficial to mankind if the continuous development will take place. By exploring the kind of the interaction ventured in this kind of process, the elemental composition of the vaccine would be developed to address the needs of the people in having the desired implication of the subject process.The processing of vaccine would include the development of stages in which it would acknowledge the presence of the cells responsible for the development of the disease. In effect, they would have a better understanding on the subject, matter and would increase the possibility of having a curable state.By implicating the notion of having a different technique in addressing the development of the vaccine, the question left for it is how long would it last for them not only to develop vaccine but also to develop a cure that would forever block the negative effects of the disease. By using and ensuring the safety of the user, they would have a proper citation of the needed p lan for them to be able to execute the importance of the vaccine and its use in the modern life.Furthermore, by examining the application of the vaccine in the curing of the disease, we would see the importance of development and use of innovating techniques in determining the possible outcome of the curing of the disease.Finally, the consideration of the process if it fits the standards of the medical consideration despite the fact that there exist different processes that involve much medicinal advancement should take into consideration the impact of the introduction of this vaccine prior to the ethical understanding of the matter.   Since FL can be considered as one of the deadliest disease that one can have, the help of having a vaccine against it is beneficial to the human industry.

Reading a Book vs Listening to an Audio Book Essay

Now days, most people simply do not have the time to sit down and read a book. More and more are beginning to use a source of recorded audio books to listen to on the go. It really depends on whom one asks whether or not audio books are considered to be the most efficient way to obtain a books content. Various pros and cons come along with either option. Whether or not taking the time to read a book is greater than only listening along is a frequently asked question everywhere. There is a great comparison between the two, both differing in each person’s eyes’. The real question left being is using an audio book just as good as reading it? It is agreeable that it mostly depends on what sort of book you are trying to acquire as to how well the information is absorbed through audio books. Hearing the actual words in your head by reading to oneself tends to be a much better strategy when trying to get into a book instead of only listening. Another disadvantage of using audio books could be that one does not get to interpret the story for them self, the narrator already does the interpreting. Using your imagination is considered to be the best part about consuming a book, which is merely taken away when listening to an audio book. When it comes to actually reading a book, many find it very difficult to take on another task, but seem to finish the book at a shorter amount of time than those listening to an actor recorded on an audio book. Where as, when listening to an audio book, it is quite easy to multitask and your eyes wont ever get tired. Some may argue that it takes away from the reading experience when using audio books, others, that it is still reading either way. It is much more convenient to use an audio book though, being that you can take a music player basically anywhere. Lastly, audio books are usually way higher in price than paperback or hardback books. Some audio books can be presented as podcasts for free so it could possibly be cheaper to go that route. The prices of hardcopy books depend on the popularity of the work and or the publishing date. Our technology now provides a bit reasonable but pricey device called a â€Å"kindle† for those who constantly enjoy reading, that allows the option of one to read and hear the book at the same time, putting an end to all problems that could be if only chosen one. In closing, both hardcopy books and audio books both have their advantages and disadvantages. There is a possible way to solve the wonders of both by spending the extra money on a portable e-book device. In consideration of choosing one way of deception, reading a book provides a more vivid and imaginable story in our minds compared to audio books being seemingly less interesting, but more accessible.